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51.
Wei‐Shan Lee Jih‐Jong Lee Albert Taiching Liao Chia‐Lien Kao Shang‐Lin Wang 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2021,19(1):53-60
The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. 相似文献
52.
Erhard Albert 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3-4):187-213
Zur Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung zwischen mineralischer und organischer Düngung auf Pflanze und Boden werden seit 1966 Dauerversuche auf zwei Standorten (Spröda: anlehmiger Sand; Methau: Lehm) mit der Fruchtfolge Zuckerrüben –Sommergerste—Kartoffeln und Winterweizen durchgeführt. Bei unterlassener und geringer mineralischer N‐Düngung bewirkte Stallmist erhebliche und Stroh keine bzw. geringe Mehrerträge. Bei optimaler N‐Düngung hingegen erreichten die Mehrerträge durch Stallmist 5% und die durch Stroh 3%. Die auf verbesserte Bodeneigenschaften beruhende Sonderwirkung von Stallmist und Stroh kann durch mineralische N‐Düngung nicht substituiert werden. Auf beiden Standorten wurden die Humusgehalte bei unterlassener organischer Düngung nahezu halbiert. Der Einfluß der Strohdüngung auf die Humusgehalte war gering, der von Stallmist deutlicher ausgeprägt. Die Netto‐N‐Mineralisierung korrelierte negativ zur mineralischen N‐Düngung, wobei Stallmist zu 25 bis 50 kg/ha höheren Werten führte. Optimale Erträge wurden mit leicht negativen bis leicht positiven N‐Bilanzsalden realisiert. Dabei gelten die niedrigen Werte stets für die alleinige mineralische N‐Düngung und die höheren für die Stallmist‐ bzw. Strohdüngung. Da mit dem Anstieg der Humus‐ und Gesamt‐N‐Vorräte vor allem das Risiko der Nitratauswaschung wächst, ist eine maßvolle organische Düngung, die jedoch langfristig den Erhalt der Bodenfruchtbarkeit sichert, anzustreben. In der Regel reichen hierzu jährlich 10 t/ha Stallmist aus. 相似文献
53.
Albert Eicker 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1973,5(4):441-448
The mycoflora of the litter of Eucalyptus maculata was studied using three isolation methods. A total of 45 species, representing 22 genera were isolated from the various litter horizons. A comparison between the fungal flora of the litter (L) and that of the underlying mineral soil (A1) was also made. It was found that 39 per cent of the species were common to both the forest litter and the soil proper. The composition of the litter fungal flora, however, differed from that of the underlying mineralized soil. 相似文献
54.
In Central Europe vast wetland areas have been converted into agricultural land over the past few centuries. Long-term spatially
explicit reconstructions of wetland cover changes at regional scale are rare but such information is vital for setting appropriate
wetland conservation and restoration goals. In this study wetland cover change over the past 150 years was analyzed for the
Canton Zurich (Switzerland) using information from historical and current topographical maps. Mapping instructions changed
significantly over time, i.e., wetlands were mapped more conservatively on older maps. Therefore a technique was developed
to account for changes in mapping instructions and to reconstruct a series of comparable maps spanning 1850–2000. Wetland
cover dramatically decreased from 13,759 ha in 1850 (more than 8% of the total study area) to 1,233 ha in 2000 (less than
1%). Largest loss is observed for the first half of the twentieth century when more than 50% of the total wetland loss occurred.
In 1850, almost all wetland patches were connected in two large networks defined by a 500 m buffer around all wetland patches
to account for typical dispersal distances of wetland animals. Despite extensive wetland loss, this networks remained largely
intact until 1950, but then collapsed into many medium and small networks consisting of only few wetland patches. In addition
to the direct loss of wetland habitats increased habitat fragmentation is limiting metapopulation dynamics and hindering genetic
exchange between populations. Amphibians and other wetland animals are particularly prone to habitat fragmentation because
of their limited migration abilities. This may lead to time-delayed extinction in the future because current species occurrence
might rather reflect historical than current wetland cover and habitat configuration. Future restoration efforts should focus
on reestablishing connectivity between remaining smaller wetland networks. 相似文献
55.
Characterization and quantitation of low and high molecular weight phenolic compounds in apple seeds
Fromm M Bayha S Carle R Kammerer DR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(5):1232-1242
The phenolic constituents of seeds of 12 different apple cultivars were fractionated by sequential extraction with aqueous acetone (30:70, v/v) and ethyl acetate after hexane extraction of the lipids. Low molecular weight phenolic compounds were individually quantitated by RP-HPLC-DAD. The contents of extractable and nonextractable procyanidins were determined by applying RP-HPLC following thiolysis and n-butanol/HCl hydrolysis, respectively. As expected, the results revealed marked differences of the ethyl acetate extracts, aqueous acetone extracts, and insoluble residues with regard to contents and mean degrees of polymerization of procyanidins. Total phenolic contents in the defatted apple seed residues ranged between 18.4 and 99.8 mg/g. Phloridzin was the most abundant phenolic compound, representing 79-92% of monomeric polyphenols. Yields of phenolic compounds significantly differed among the cultivars under study, with seeds of cider apples generally being richer in phloridzin and catechins than seeds of dessert apple cultivars. This is the first study presenting comprehensive data on the contents of phenolic compounds in apple seeds comprising extractable and nonextractable procyanidins. Furthermore, the present work points out a strategy for the sustainable and complete exploitation of apple seeds as valuable agro-industrial byproducts, in particular as a rich source of phloridzin and antioxidant flavanols. 相似文献
56.
Matthias Vanmaercke Willem Maetens Jean Poesen Benediktas Jankauskas Genovaite Jankauskiene Gert Verstraeten Joris de Vente 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):586-602
Purpose
This study aims to understand better the relationship between measured soil loss rates due to sheet and rill erosion (SL), predicted SL rates and measured catchment sediment yields (SY) in Europe. 相似文献57.
58.
B Eliás G Boros M Albert S Tuboly P Gergely L Papp I Barna Vetró P Rafai E Molnár 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(4):677-688
The role of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, purified by repeated chromatography in Sephacryl S-200 gel, in the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis (AR) of swine was studied bacteriologically, clinically and pathologically. Two-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) piglets were parenterally treated with 30 micrograms of DNT 3 times at 2-day interval and 7-week-old piglets were treated with 15 micrograms of DNT twice a week for 5 weeks. In 2- to 3-week-old piglets, both B. bronchiseptica DNT and P. multocida DNT produced nasal turbinate lesions with similar severity, characterized by damage of the cilia, epithelial metaplasia, intensive proliferation of osteoblasts, regressive changes, and diffuse osteocytic osteolysis. In 7- to 12-week-old piglets, treatment with B. bronchiseptica DNT failed to produce progressive changes in the nasal turbinates. Histopathological examination revealed osteogenic processes and osteoid synthesis besides the proliferation of osteoblasts and mild osteocytic osteolysis. Moreover, severe gross pathological lesions developed in the stomach, liver, kidneys, and lymphoid organs. The piglets' appetite and body weight gain gradually decreased during the DNT treatment and in the last week when the toxic signs appeared. Treatment of 7- to 12-week-old piglets with P. multocida DNT resulted in progressive AR. Histopathologically, diffuse osteocytic osteolysis was observed in the nasal turbinates. Neither clinical signs nor pathological lesions of the visceral organs developed in these piglets. The authors emphasize that the DNT of B. bronchiseptica basically differs from that of P. multocida in biological properties, though there are certain similarities between the DNTs. 相似文献
59.
Atle Foss Albert K. Imsland Erik Vikingstad Sigurd O. Stefansson Birgitta Norberg Skjalg Pedersen Trond Sandvik Bjrn Roth 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,290(3-4):304-310
A group of juvenile Atlantic halibut (mean, SD, 199.5 g, 44.7) was split into two experimental groups: one group was fed in excess twice a day and later five days a week (i.e. Control group), and the other group was starved for 5 weeks and then subsequently re-fed for 10 weeks (i.e. 5/10 starvation/re-fed group). This treatment was repeated for three years until the fish were harvested (mean final weight, 4.4 kg). A size +specific compensatory response was seen; partial compensation was observed in halibut weighing less than 500 g whereas full recovery growth was seen in halibut over 2 kg. Food consumption and feed conversion efficiency was measured during two full 5/10 starvation/re-fed cycles. The Control group consumed 86% more food in the measurement period, whereas the FCE 40% higher in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group (FCE = 0.95) compared to the Control group (FCE = 0.68). In males lower gonadosomatic index (2.2 vs. 3.0) and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (0.22 vs. 1.26 ng ml− 1) levels in the 5/10 starvation/re-fed group were observed during late winter and spring of 2006 (age 3 years) indicating higher age at 1st maturity. Starvation had a significant effect for improving the quality as starved fish had higher muscle pH (6.4 vs. 6.2), less gaping (0.1 vs. 0.3) and harder texture (61.4 vs. 57.6 N). Overall, the rearing on a repeated 5/10 starvation/re-fed regime for 3 years led to full growth compensation, higher feed conversion efficiency, lower male maturation and improved flesh quality. 相似文献
60.